The epds is an efficient way to identify patients at risk for. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ucsf fresno. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds taken from the british journal of psychiatry june, 1987, vol. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds for use between 28 32 weeks in allrs. The epds is easy to administer and has proven to be an effective screening tool. It has been hypothesized that a subscale items 3, 4, 5 may detect anxiety. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale detects but does not distinguish anxiety disorders from depression in mothers of infants. The child health clinic, postnatal check up or a home visit may provide suitable opportunities for its completion.
Cox 1990 also known as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. M piontek, postpartum depression new england journal of medicine vol. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds for use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies and 6 8 weeks postpartum name. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression ppd is one of the most common problems women face after having a baby. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale usefulness to practitioners identifying potential depressive disorders and connecting mothers to resources can be pivotal in supporting positive change. The 10question edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a valuable and efficient way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds aims at detecting postpartum depression. Cox a, gail chapman b, declan murray c, peter jones d university ofkeele, thomburrow drive, hartshill, stokeontrent 5t4 7qb, uk b north staffordshire maternity, hospital, stoke on trent, uk. Ppd affects up to 20% of postnatal women and up to 10% of pregnant women.
The epds is a static screening tool that was written over 25 years ago in place 15000km away from australia. The child health clinic, postnatal checkup or a home visit may provide suitable opportunities for its completion. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is widely used in many. Therefore, we validated the danish epds against a depression diagnosis according to both dsm5 and icd10. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds guidelines. Recent studies have shown that approximately 48% of adolescents develop postpartum depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. However, its potential to detect pcmds in culturally diverse low and lowermiddle income countries lalmics is unclear. Using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale meta4rn. Concern has been raised over the validity of the epds as a single summed scale, with suggestions that it measures two separate aspects, one of depressive feelings, the other of anxiety. Development of 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Mar 24, 2016 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the instrument most commonly used to identify depression in postpartum women. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale may be photocopied by individual researchers or clinicians for their own use without seeking permission from the publishers. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, originally developed in britain, is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of the perinatal common mental disorders pcmds of depression and anxiety.
This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this. It has become routine in the uk for health visitors to administer the edinburgh. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds guidelines postpartum depression ppd is one of the most common complications of the postpartum period. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale usefulness to practitioners identifying potential depressive disorders and connecting mothers to resources can be pivotal in supporting positive change and the reduction of risks in vulnerable families. This might be considered questionable since repeated psychometric studies have shown multidimensionality, which would entail using separate component subscales. The child health clinic, postpartum checkup or a home visit may provide suitable opportunities. This is a new resource which collates copies of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english and validated for use in screening to assist health workers detect perinatal depression, in. Evaluation of the edinburgh post natal depression scale. Internationally, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely accepted screening instrument used in the perinatal period. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. This study reappraised the dimensional structure of the epds, with a focus on the extent of factor. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Links to the english and multilingual resources can be accessed further below.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum depression. The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health. It assesses emotional experiences over the past seven days using ten likert scale items see additional file 1. A core component of australias national perinatal depression initiative npdi is universal screening of all pregnant women and new mums using the edinburgh postnatal depression. Jun 20, 2011 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been proposed as a onedimensional instrument and used as a single 10item scale. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been proposed as a onedimensional instrument and used as a single 10item scale. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds black dog. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, originally developed in britain, is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of the perinatal.
The epds is a tool that helps identify if you are at risk or are suffering from ppd. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale is available in many languages. Postnatal depression hits one in seven mothers nhs. Users may reproduce the scale without further permission providing they respect by quoting the names of the authors, the title and the source of the paper in all reproduced copies. The mother should complete the scale herself, unless she has limited english or has difficulty with reading.
Pdf does the edinburgh postnatal depression scale measure. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 1 checklist for pregnant women and new mothers for information on the beyondblue national perinatal depression initiative or. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was originally created as a unidimensional scale to screen for postpartum depression ppd. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale against. The epds may be used at 68 weeks to screen postnatal women. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale was developed in edinburgh in 1987 by cox, holden and sagovsky in response to the increasing need to screen women for depressive. Screening can build trust and strengthen partnership if the mother feels supported. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds psychtools.
Please underline the answer which best describes how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has originally been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect postnatal depression, but several authors recommend its use outside of the postpartum period. Studies have shown that postpartum depression affects at least 10% 20% of women and that many depressed mothers remain untreated. The epds internationally, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely accepted screening instrument used in the perinatal period.
Traditionally, a cutoff score of is used to distinguish depressed from nondepressed women. About the edinburgh postnatal depression scale the epds was developed in the 1980s by john cox, a consultant psychiatrist in the united kingdom, and his colleagues jeni holden and ruth. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 6. The spanish version was developed at the university of iowa based on earlier.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating postnatal depression scale which has seen widespread use in epidemiological and clinical studies. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j. For use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies and 6 8 weeks postpartum. The scale can be used at six to eight weeks after birth or during pregnancy. The epds may be used at six to eight weeks to screen postnatal women or during pregnancy. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. It has become routine in the uk for health visitors to administer the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds at two or three time points in the first 68 months of the postnatal period. Robby steel, roch cantwell, in companion to psychiatric studies eighth edition, 2010. This 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period.
Sagovsky the edinburgh postnatal depression scale has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. Using the epds to measure postpartum depression severity. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have. To download information click on the selected language. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of perinatal depression and anxiety 3, 4. The scale must be copied in full and all copies must acknowledge the following source. The child health clinic, postpartum checkup or a home visit may provide suitable opportunities for its completion. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum. The epds is a simple 10item selfreport scale which reliably identifies women at high risk of developing depression cox et al. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculator.
The most common way this is done in the uk and us is by using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds since you are either pregnant or have recently had a baby, we want to know how you feel. Other tools, such as the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, are used to identify which women need care, as well as to help doctors decide on the best form of treatment. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 1 checklist for pregnant women and new mothers for information on the beyondblue national perinatal depression initiative or to receive a free copy of beyondblues emotional health during pregnancy and early parenthood booklet visit au or call the beyondblue info line on 0. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period. Revisiting the dimensional structure of the edinburgh. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Postnatal depression is a distressing disorder more prolonged than the baby blues which occurs in the first week after delivery, but less severe than postpartum psychosis.
It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. Subscales measuring symptoms of nonspecific depression, anhedonia, and anxiety in the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the instrument most commonly used to identify depression in postpartum women. Elsevier journal of affective disorders 39 1996 185189 journal of affective disorders research report validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds in non. The epds has been validated for use in both pregnancy and the. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds this document is available in english as well as in languages other than english. The simplified edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds for antenatal. Elsevier journal of affective disorders 39 1996 185189 journal of affective disorders research report validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds in non postnatal women john l. Apr 04, 2016 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of perinatal depression and anxiety 3, 4. As you are having a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. Evaluation of the edinburgh post natal depression scale using.
Ppd affects up to 20% of women after having a baby and can even affect up to 10% women while they are pregnant. For a copy in another language call the uic perinatal consultation line at 18005736121. The epds may be used at 6 8 weeks to screen postnatal women. The 10question edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a valuable and effici ent way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression.